| | [這篇文章最後由台灣紫斑蝶在 2006/01/07 11:28pm 第 1 次編輯]
雷達揭示蝴蝶飛行路線奧祕
2005-04-12 08:16:52
英國科學家利用雷達設備發現，蝴蝶採用不同飛行路線來達到尋找食物或家園的目的。這一發現為生物學家尋找珍稀種類蝴蝶的棲息地提供了新方法。
英國羅特哈姆斯泰德研究所莉齊•坎特等人，在30只蝴蝶的背部安裝了重量僅有12毫克的微型無線電應答器。在無線電應答器不影響蝴蝶飛行的情況下，研究人員將這些蝴蝶放飛到一塊由雷達掃描的土地。應答器收到雷達發出的信號，會發出一種特殊的應答信號，從而使研究人員能夠追蹤蝴蝶的飛行路線。這種技術原理與航空業防止飛機相撞的安全系統相似。
追蹤結果發現，實驗研究的 麻蛺蝶和孔雀蛺蝶兩種蝴蝶都有兩種截然不同的飛行路線模式。一種是直線路線，蝴蝶以超過每秒3米的速度飛過地面；另一種是環形路線，蝴蝶採用這種飛行模式時，通常速度較慢，飛行距離也較遠。此外，蝴蝶還能對距自己200米外的事物作出回應。例如，蝴蝶能察覺到遠處的花叢，而改變自己的飛行路線。這一成果發表在《倫敦英國皇家學會學報》上。
坎特等人認為，蝴蝶的環形路線可能是一種搜尋行為，比如尋找花蜜，或是可以冬眠的乾燥樹木裂縫。而當蝴蝶想要離開某個區域或逃離天敵襲擊時，通常會採用直線飛行路線。
目前，坎特研究小組準備對銀底豹紋蛺蝶和伊芳朗蝴蝶進行同樣的實驗。這兩種蝴蝶都屬于瀕危珍稀物種，生物學家希望能利用雷達技術對它們的生活習性進行進一步研究，為兩種珍稀蝴蝶的生活繁殖提供幫助。
原論文摘要與參考書目如下：
Tracking butterfly flight paths across the landscape with harmonic radar
E.T. Cant A1, A.D. Smith A1, D.R. Reynolds A2, J.L. Osborne A1
A1 Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
A2 Plant, Animal and Human Health Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
Abstract:
For the first time, the flight paths of five butterfly species were successfully tracked using harmonic radar within an agricultural landscape. Until now, butterfly mobility has been predominantly studied using visual observations and mark–recapture experiments. Attachment of a light-weight radar transponder to the butterfly's thorax did not significantly affect behaviour or mobility. Tracks were analysed for straightness, duration, displacement, ground speed, foraging and the influence of linear landscape features on flight direction. Two main styles of track were identified: (A) fast linear flight and (B) slower nonlinear flights involving a period of foraging and/or looped sections of flight. These loops potentially perform an orientation function, and were often associated with areas of forage. In the absence of forage, linear features did not provide a guiding effect on flight direction, and only dense treelines were perceived as barriers. The results provide tentative support for non-random dispersal and a perceptual range of 100–200m for these species. This study has demonstrated a methodology of significant value for future investigation of butterfly mobility and dispersal.
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Keywords:
butterfly flight, harmonic radar, linear landscape features, Aglais urticae, Inachis io
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